How to determine the temperament of the child?

The problem of fathers and children, described by many classics of literature, is not the first century that worries families. Parents do not hear children, and children arrange teenage riots, violating all authorities. In order to find mutual understanding with your child, build a harmonious relationship with him, you need to understand the features of his psyche. Some children require constant attention and adult participation, others like active communication with peers and active activity, while others prefer to spend all day reading books and not pay attention to others. This difference is due to many different personality characteristics of the child, one of which is his temperament.

The general concept of temperament means the main features and properties of the psyche of the individual. Such personality traits are equally manifested in various actions of the child and do not depend on goals and motives. Often, such reactions persist until the end of life, and their combination allows you to classify a huge number of such features into several basic types. The definition of this type depends on the specific properties of the psyche of each individual person.

Activity - This is a property of the psyche that is responsible for the speed of decision-making and the intensity of their implementation in their lives. The faster the child responds to stimuli, the more persistently and more concentratedly he achieves results and overcomes obstacles. This property is often called energy, or human energy. It is believed that people with stronger energies achieve more in life and are generally happier, although this has not been scientifically proven.

Sensitivity - this property of the psyche is directly related to activity and determines the minimum amount of impact that is necessary for the occurrence of any response in the human psyche. Emotional excitability is a property similar to sensitivity, but in contrast to it, it shows what will be the strength of the response to minimal external impact. The aggression and temper of both a child and an adult depend on emotional excitability. On the other hand, she is also responsible for joyful excitement, vivid experiences of emotional closeness and feelings of happiness.

Reactivity responsible for the intensity of the involuntary reactions of the human psyche. Such reactions arise both from the loud and harsh voice of the parent, and from the offensive remark. The rate of reactions is responsible for the rate of reactions that have already arisen as a response in the psyche. The higher it is, the faster the child comes to a calm mood after joyful or sad events. A baby who has a high rate of reaction will calm down faster when crying, however, he will cry faster again. In addition, this property affects the speed of thoughts, speech and gestures.

The relationship between activity and reactivity - an indicator of what factors influence the child to a greater extent, and his actions are more dependent on him: on his goals and aspirations, or his mood and situation. The first is more important to achieve and win, and the second is to enjoy the process. Plasticity allows you to quickly respond to changes in the surrounding situation and more actively adapt to changing conditions. Rigidity means more inert behavior, a rigid child does not want to change, he is stubborn and persistent, any changes make him nervous and scary.

Extraversion and introversion. The last property determines what impressions the positive and negative reactions of the child's psyche depend on: external or internal. Extroverts prefer a wide circle of acquaintances, new impressions and skills. Introverts prefer dreams and thoughts about the past and the future, alone or in the vicinity of books. All these properties equally affect the character of any person and ultimately determine his temperament. At the same time, there are no bad or good properties, all of them are just a human tool that allows the nervous system to control and control all human activities and ensure their most comfortable and safe existence.

There are only 4 main types of temperament, which got their name even before our era. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates claimed that there are 4 main fluids in the human body called “juices”. Depending on which one prevails in the human body, its character is formed. More blood (sanguis in Latin) makes a person a sanguine person, and the predominance of phlegm (phlegma) makes him a phlegmatic. A large amount of bile (chole in Latin) turns the child into choleric, and if this bile is black (melas chole in Latin), then it will become a melancholy. Today, from the classification introduced by Hippocrates in the VXVIII century, there are only names that describe the characteristics of the human psyche.

Sanguine is a person with increased activity balanced by the same reactivity. He is optimistic and complacent towards life, loves loud conversations, large companies and vigorous activity. A high threshold of sensitivity does not allow him to pay attention to too quiet and calm sounds. But sanguine people are inherent in the speed of reactions, liveliness of mind and quick adaptation to new conditions.

Choleric also has low sensitivity and activity, but reactivity in its temperament prevails. He is often unrestrained and even aggressive, more difficult to change thoughts and steady than a sanguine person.Persistent and confident, loves a lot of communication, but it is very difficult to switch attention from one action or goal to another. Phlegmatic activity prevails over reactivity, and therefore it is insensitive and practically not emotional. He will not be affected by the general fun, but it is also very difficult to sadden such a person. He hardly switches between affairs, but he is very able-bodied and assiduous. He is an introvert and reluctantly makes new acquaintances.

Melancholic has high sensitivity with low reactivity. Any minor reason can cause his reaction in the form of tears and even a nervous breakdown. The quiet voice and slow movements of the melancholic give him a deep introvert, who prefers to leave a large crowd of people in his inner and often invented world. The attention of such a child will be unstable, he will often be distracted by trifles, and the slightest difficulty will unsettle him for a long time. At the same time, such people have well-developed empathy and compassion, and men and women often love animals and small children, are able to empathize with the heroes of books and films.

In ordinary life, the opportunity to meet pure choleric or melancholic, like other types, tends to zero. There is practically no one type of temperament due to the fact that the external environment and upbringing often leave their mark on the psyche. At the same time, the influence of some features of temperament on the children's character will be stronger than others, which will determine its type in the end. In order to find out the temperament of the child, it is enough to conduct a small test and answer the following questions.

• What games does a child of preschool and school age prefer (quiet or active, with friends or alone)?
• How does the child perceive criticism of the parent or does the student perceive the teacher’s comments (agrees, resents, gets angry)?
• How does a son or daughter communicate with different peers (likes attention or prefers to be silent, listens to them or tries to act as a leader)?
• How does the baby react to new places and people (constrained and indecisive or interested in what is happening, quickly excited or does not show any reaction)?
• How does a boy or girl make decisions or do homework (by quick swoop or long weigh-ins, tasks are solved patiently and slowly or quickly, but interest soon disappears)?

This temperament is easy to recognize from a young age. Sanguine babies develop rapidly, show interest in the world around them and sleep little. Such children almost do not cause problems for parents and are often called "gold". They are active, they love both sports and learning new things. It is easy to make friends, but their absence is difficult to tolerate. Boys and girls with this temperament quickly forget failures and strive for new goals. Sanguine people are obedient, but they know how to express their opinion. Closer to adolescence, their energy only grows even more, and they turn into a tireless entertainer for their large company or family. Studying is easy for them, in the class they occupy the position of a good-natured optimist who has no enemies and ill-wishers.

Such a baby has a torn and nervous sleep, is often naughty and hard calmed down. Their development is slower than that of their peers, they grow poorly and later begin to speak. Distinctive features of the baby will be isolation and indecision. Such a child has deep doubts about any occasion and is very dependent on the approval of the parents. They do not like to go to school, as a large number of noisy classmates and a fast pace of learning tires such kids.In adolescence, melancholy susceptible to frequent depression and nervous breakdowns, any criticism is perceived very painfully and can lead to hysteria. Even if they have learned their homework, they will never raise their hand. They are rarely taken to large companies, which is why they suffer even more from their dissimilarity to other children.

Phlegmatic kids are real sony. They rarely show their displeasure, even if they are hungry or lying on a wet diaper. Such a child will not strain his parents with his presence, he does not run and jump, is not curious and is not sociable. The best entertainment for such a baby would be reading, assembling a designer or embroidery. Decisions are made calmly and carefully, they don’t like fuss and big companies, but they don’t run away from communication like melancholy people. Younger students for a long time choose their favorite subjects, but if they like something, they will always be successful in this area. Teachers rarely scold them and often cite the rest. They have no obvious enemies, but they have few real friends. They like accounting and order in everything, but they do not try to convince others to do the same.

The choleric baby is easily recognizable by disgruntled screams, constantly escaping from a tiny mouth. It’s hard to calm them down and turn their attention to something else. They are impatient and demanding, do not like loud voices and new surroundings. By preschool age, they become even more impulsive and unstable. They perceive new information and knowledge well, but also quickly forget it. Such children often do not control their behavior, which changes several times in a short period of time. In communication with peers, they like to be a leader and even a tyrant. They have many friends, but also many detractors. By adolescence, they learn to hold back their tears, but they direct their anger at the offender without delay, be in front of them a classmate, parent and even the principal of the school.

In order to develop the strengths of the child’s temperament and smooth out his shortcomings, adults need to build a relationship with him correctly. Some methods will be good for a choleric, but they will not work for a melancholic at all and vice versa. First of all, the child must be influenced by parents, grandparents and other relatives, in addition, a teacher or educator can be involved in correcting the behavior of young boys and girls, albeit to a lesser extent.

Various sports sections with a team type of game are perfect for sanguines. It can be football, hockey or water polo. Among their team, they will find true friends, and the sport itself will allow the baby to leave extra energy. A teenager is better suited for hobbies that teach him to overcome himself and circumstances. It can be alpine skiing or snowboarding, a fencing club or mountain climbing. Learning is easy for them, but to increase their perseverance, it is better to alternate mental stress with physical activity. The teacher does not need to pay excessive attention to the sanguine person, a fairly even friendly attitude and impartiality.

Choleric is overflowing with seething feelings that can easily turn into cruelty and aggression towards others. To give vent to his rage, the choleric must splash it in a safe way for peers. The boxing, karate or freestyle wrestling section is perfect for him. Choleric people make excellent athletes, biathletes and acrobats. In order to develop their sensitivity, you can enroll a teenager on horseback riding or as a volunteer in an animal shelter. The teacher should show great sensitivity and compassion for the "school bully" so as not to embitter him with an unfair remark.If a child offends his neighbor at the desk, first of all, they should be seated to resolve the conflict, and only then try to find out the details from both sides. They like to answer at the blackboard and feel confident in front of the team, but are easily distracted while writing independent work.

Phlegmatic people are one of the favorites of adults, since they require less attention to themselves compared to other children. They are calm and hardy, they do not shy away from playing sports, but at the same time they prefer those types in which it is important not the victory, but the process itself. It can be synchronized swimming, sailing or dancing. Phlegmatic people are happy to engage in power sports, they are disciplined and patient, and therefore they will be happy to do it on a home simulator. However, their main hobby is literature. Such children can often live in a fantasy world of their fantasies and do not converge well with their peers. Parents and teachers should be encouraged if one of the children wants to tie a bond of friendship with such a child.

Melancholy love stability and silence. Of all the sports they prefer chess or golf, they can do yoga or Pilates. It is advisable from childhood to teach such a child to steadfastly accept criticism or aggression directed at him from peers. Other children often do not like melancholy, and teachers are too busy with the rest of the class to pay attention to the conflict and even quiet persecution. It is advisable for parents to obtain the maximum confidence of such a vulnerable child in order to help him in a timely manner. It is worth being as honest as possible with him and constantly show his approval so that he grows more confident in his own abilities. Such children are afraid of public speaking, even if they know the subject very well. It is better to test their knowledge with tests or tests, to which the melancholy can answer in writing.

On how to determine the temperament of a child, see the next video.