Perm wave: features, types and technique

Today, beauty salons offer women a large number of different procedures for transforming hairstyles. And for creating curls, a chemical wave of hair, which has many variations and varieties, has long been used for a long time, which has earned itself special popularity among women.

Perm is a hairdressing service, thanks to which you can permanently and dramatically change your hairstyle, regardless of the initial haircut, making curls curly or wavy. Curled curls of any shape and size with proper care will retain their attractiveness for a rather long period, so that chemistry has not gone out of fashion for several decades. Over time, manufacturers have worked on the quality of the chemicals used, in light of which many products have appeared that have a more gentle effect on the structure of the hair shaft. In addition, modern types of fixatives, neutralizers and curlers made it possible to use new varieties of perm, which made the procedure still in demand today.

A feature of chemistry is its versatility, because not every representative of the fair sex nature has endowed with beautiful and magnificent curls. Almost every woman and girl will have curls, thanks to curls, the volume of hair increases, in addition, the features and oval of the face become more feminine and soft.The essence of such a curl is the effect of special compounds on the structure of the hair shaft. After a small amount of time after treatment with the drug, they penetrate into the hair. In the natural state, the rod has a rounded shape, and the reagent penetrating inside, interacting with the keratin of the hair, opens its cuticle, destroying some of the bonds.

This allows you to give the curls the chosen shape, they become lighter and more obedient, so they take the form of used bobbins or curlers. But chemicals deplete the hair shaft, and natural keratin is replaced with meta-keratin. Therefore, specialized follow-up care after curling is mandatory. During chemistry, the hair is contacted with fixing substances twice - for the first time when the compositions are used to open the hair cuticle, and then to consolidate the result, when the master applies a neutralizer to the hair that fixes the created wave or curls.

The history of perms in beauty salons distinguishes many domestic and foreign brands from manufacturers of hair products. Modern curling products are marketed by such popular brands as Schwarzkopf, Wella and L'Oreal. In addition to fairly well-known companies around the world, companies specializing in the manufacture and sale of a professional line of hair products also produce chemicals, including Estel, Paul Mitchell and Moss. Such a variety allows the master to choose the composition, focusing on the condition of the hair, the type and length of the strands, their color, etc.

Today, you can even perform a curl on painted curls, most importantly, withstand a certain interval between the procedures. However, a pretty serious test for hair can be curling on bleached strands, in which pigment was removed in such an aggressive way more than once. For hair that is not dyed, the damage from the effects of the compounds will be less noticeable. As for thin hair rods, in this case it is worth choosing the most sparing varieties of the transformation of curls.

As a rule, a root curl allows you to correct natural curls from nature or to make a haircut more magnificent. Despite the active work of manufacturers on curlers, the procedure still has a number of contraindications. These include the following points:

• during pregnancy and lactation, it is worthwhile to temporarily refrain from curling;
• too damaged hair rods;
• reusable discoloration of curls;
• individual intolerance to the components of the drugs used for fixation;
• hair coloring with henna, basma or other natural dyes;
• hormonal medication;
• the presence of diseases of the skin on the head;
• abrasions and wounds.

The technology of chemical perm makes it possible to perform it at home, however, to achieve a beautiful and durable result, as well as competent selection of the composition for working with hair, it is better to entrust it to the masters of their craft. Curly curls can become an ornament for any type of appearance and hair color. But a beautiful result, which will really be in harmony with the appearance of a woman, is achieved only with a competent selection of the shape and size of curls.

As the long-standing practice of curling hair shows, for thin and rare rods it is best to choose small curls. For a round oval of the face, the size of the curly curls created should gradually decrease towards the tips. As for the rectangular or square type of appearance, the masters recommend making curls with large, horizontally located curls. Hair length will be one of the fundamental factors in choosing the size of curlers for curls. On long hair, you can use various variations and shapes of curls, additional waves and curls will only emphasize the natural attractiveness of curls.

The average length of the hair will allow you to make radical chemistry or curl them only at the ends. In this case, you can use various techniques, combining and alternating them with each other. However, trusting your imagination, it should be borne in mind that some varieties of curls can significantly affect the length of the curls in the end. Therefore, combining different methods, you should trust the opinion of an experienced master in a beauty salon.

Perm, as well as any procedures carried out with hair, has positive and negative features. Its advantages include the following points:

• with the help of chemistry, it will be possible to radically transform any image, haircut and image in general;
• in comparison with other procedures for creating curls, the effect of waves or curls will last a very long time;
• chemistry is a universal service, so it can be performed on hair of any length;
• Today, masters in salons offer customers many types of perm;
• after the installation procedure, it will take several times less time, in some cases you can do without it at all.

With all its advantages, chemistry is not without a number of negative features. The disadvantages of the procedure include the following points:

• as the name implies, the technology of hair curling is carried out using aggressive means that harm the health of the hair;
• after contact with the drugs, the curls will be dehydrated, which will negatively affect the appearance, lead to fragility, and also require the purchase of specialized care products;
• Perm has a number of contraindications that reduce the possibility of its implementation in a given period.

This salon service can be classified by the type of compounds used for work.

Such a perm is considered universal, since there are no contraindications for it regarding the type of hair. Such a gentle wave can be done on any hair shaft. As a result of the procedure, very elastic curls of different sizes are formed on the strands, depending on the curlers used. As a rule, the effect of neutral chemistry is kept on the hair for 3 to 5 months, the preservation of the result and its duration will depend on the structure of the strands.

The agent used includes thioglycolic acid. Despite this, the drug is not too aggressive, so the damage to the hair from it will be minimal. The result of contact with the hair shaft and curlers will be the formation of hard curls that can maintain their elasticity for a month. This type of curl is not recommended for thin hair, as they straighten very quickly. Also a contraindication for working with acidic compounds is increased dryness of the skin and curls.

Due to the penetration of alkali into the hair cuticle, the effect of curly curls can persist for 3 months.According to reviews of clients who used alkaline perm, a rather natural look of curls is noted, which will also be very soft to the touch. A short result from this procedure is noted on hard strands, which very quickly acquire their original form.

Masters recommend girls whose hair needs treatment to make such a perm. A feature of the drugs used is the presence of amino acids and proteins, which positively affect the health of curls. The negative point of such a procedure will be the short duration of the created curls.

A feature of such a gentle curl will be the replacement of most chemicals with natural ingredients.

A local type of chemistry, the peculiarity of which is to work only with the area near the roots. After such a procedure, the hairstyle will receive an additional volume, which can last for a long period or for several weeks. In this case, everything will depend on the fixing products used.

The name is due to the presence of silk proteins in the fixing compositions, which have a beneficial effect on the condition of the hair after the procedure. The effect lasts for 5-6 months. However, the service stands out for its high cost due to the specifics of the drugs used.

Among modern varieties of chemistry, this option is most popular. This is due to an expressive result. Curls are wound on special large curlers that create lush curls without any creases in length.

This species is in demand among women with thin and sparse hair. As a rule, such chemistry is carried out on haircuts with an average length of hair to the shoulders. A feature of the procedure is to obtain an incredible amount. However, such a result will require a certain approach to subsequent care. Laying small and curly curls will be quite difficult.

Gentle chemistry of the new generation, which is distinguished by the lipid-protein composition of the used fixatives for curls. According to experts, after contact with the preparations, the hair receives the missing amount of moisture, which is important for brittle and overdried hair rods, which were subjected to frequent dyeing or daily styling with hot air. The effect on the hair lasts from 2 to 5 months.

This variety is recommended for medium length hair, it is also carried out on short haircuts with curls, the size of which does not exceed 20 centimeters. The curls after such a curl have a natural appearance, the volume of the hairstyle increases due to additional splendor at the roots. A feature of carving is the surface contact of chemical compounds with the hair shaft.

A suitable option for long and thick hair, on which horizontal chemistry is simply not wound. A distinctive feature of such chemistry is the technology of working with hair, during which the curlers on the head are placed vertically, and the curls are twisted in a spiral. It will be possible to lay such a curl as beautiful as possible by creating a wet effect.

The master can recommend this type of service only for healthy hair. The process of creating curls is carried out thanks to the work with the hair using an apparatus on which the heating temperature is regulated.

Chemistry is also classified by the type of curler used for wrapping strands. Today, masters use such devices:

• papillots that will help create voluminous curls on the hair;
• boomerangs - allowing you to make natural waves;
• rollers - necessary during the work on the American perm;
• polymer bobbins in the form of sticks - necessary for curling hair at the roots themselves;
• curler sticks with grooves used in the spiral technique of curling curls.

Based on the method of winding strands on the selected type of curler, today, such techniques stand out.

A master can make such chemistry with different curlers. They vary in diameter, in addition, several types of whooping cough are often combined in the curling process. This method makes it possible to obtain a more natural effect on the hair.

In this case, the hairdresser will work only with the roots of the hair. Twisting them on curlers, it turns out to create volume in this area. The principle of fixing the strand involves wrapping the hair in the form of a half-eight, with the freely falling length of the curls.

In the course of such chemistry, curls of a minimum size are formed on the hair, due to their large number, the hairstyle becomes very magnificent. The bobbin hair is wound, previously twisted into bundles of small thickness.

A similar technique is practiced on long hair. As a rule, the process involves working with the root zone using thin curlers, when the remaining length is already fixed with devices of a suitable diameter based on the desired appearance of the final curl.

Another kind of local chemistry. In this case, the master twists the hair into different curlers, and the technique for fixing them is also selected individually.

To achieve this result, the master will use curlers with a maximum diameter. The technology for creating such a curl requires paying special attention to the time of contact of the hair rods with the retainer. The longer the composition will interact with the hair, the tougher the resulting wave.

Natural bends on the hair, repeating the contours of the sea wave are obtained when the master uses tape-shaped bobbins that stretch through the strands.

This curl is obtained when working with small papillots or spiral curlers. As a rule, the process of working with hair will be quite painstaking, so it will take at least 3 hours.

Such chemistry is done on medium-length hair. The essence of the process is to braid the braids in a tight way, while the master twists their ends further with bobbins.

In this case, the curls are wound on a special device in the form of a hairpin.

The effect on the hair is achieved by combining two curling techniques. The master divides the hair into two halves, with one works vertically, and winds the other horizontally.

In this case, the master selects the option and size of the device for winding on the basis of the length and density of the hair. Usually they work with short curls by twisting them with a rectangle, in a vertical way or choosing curls in a checkerboard pattern.

This method involves the use of a special cap by the master, which eliminates the composition from getting onto the scalp. Wearing it, the master will alternately remove strands from the holes, wind them on curlers, treating with a composition for fixing.

In order to cause minimum harm to the hair rods during the curling process, you should prepare in advance for the transformation of the image. Preliminary work with hair before chemistry will consist of the following steps.

• The most important step, on which the result will largely depend, will be the assessment of the structure of curls. It involves the determination of strength and density, as well as elasticity and type of hair rods. The need for such a procedure is due to the subsequent selection of means for fixing curls based on these characteristics. For example, for thick hair, you will need to use drugs with the maximum effect of consolidation. Thin curls are processed with gentle means.
• Evaluation of the skin is necessary in light of the fact that even with the slightest abrasions or irritations on the head, contact with fixing substances will be contraindicated until the epidermis is completely healed and restored.
• The next step in preparing for a perm is an allergotest, which is performed by all clients. To exclude the possibility of a negative reaction of the skin to the compounds used, for a quarter of an hour the master applies a small amount of the composition for the waving behind the ear. In the absence of any manifestations on the skin, you can carry out curling work.
• Testing of the fixative on the hair is necessary for the master in order to correctly determine the amount and concentration of the agent for opening the hair cuticle. There are cases when the curls do not withstand contact with the drug and break.
• In some cases, a haircut is done before curling to remove the cut ends, as well as to provide the hairstyle with the desired shape. However, this stage is not mandatory, a haircut can be done after chemistry.
• Before chemistry, you need to wash your hair along the entire length using a special shampoo. This tool will allow you to soften the scales, so that the retainers can penetrate faster.

After completing all the preparatory measures, you should collect all the necessary tools, tools and equipment for work. For curling you will need this set:

• a container for diluting a composition of glass or porcelain;
• sharp-edged plastic comb;
• measuring cup;
• whooping cough;
• elastic bands or hair clips;
• hat made of polyethylene;
• sponges for processing curls with a retainer and a neutralizer.

The curling process itself is performed according to the following exemplary scheme.

• First, the master divides the entire mass of hair into strands uniform in width. In order for the effect to be harmonious, their size should not exceed the length of the curlers used. For this process to go quickly and correctly, it is best to divide the hair into two vertical partings, fixing the strands with elastic bands or a clip. Further from the vertical boundaries you will need to perform a horizontal parting behind the ears.
• The occipital part must be divided into 3 equal zones using vertical parting. After all the hair has been divided, you can proceed to the curl itself.
• Processing strands begins with the center of the neck. The lock is separated and wetted with a latch, and then wound on curlers. The ends of the hair should protrude no more than 1-2 centimeters, they will need to be pulled up and bent inward, moving along the curl of the whole strand. Twisting the entire area, the hair is again wetted with the composition, after which the work is carried out with the temporal and parietal parts.
• After all the hair has been twisted and processed with a retainer, they must be hidden under a hat. The exposure time of the composition will depend on the desired result and the type of chemistry used.
• After the lapse of time, the hair together with the curlers should be washed under running water without using any additional means. With shampoo, you can wash your hair a little later. The fixing agent is washed off with water for 5-6 minutes.
• After the hair dries out a little, after 5-10 minutes, you can begin to unwind the bobbins, as well as reprocess the curls with a fixer, which is kept on curls for only a few minutes. This portion should also be washed off with plain water.
• Then comes the turn of processing the curls with a neutralizer. The composition is rinsed hair about 2-4 times.
• Stacking and drying are the final stage of perm.

Chemistry is not a procedure that allows you to make curls curly forever. However, the effect of it persists for a long period. Depending on the composition of the curlers used, curls can remain on the hair for 2 to 9 months. However, the external attractiveness of such an image will need regular correction of overgrown roots, as well as the removal of cut ends.

The structure of the hair rods and their length will affect the duration of the effect created. On short haircuts, the curl lasts several times longer. The result will also depend on the type of curls, as practice shows, body waves will become smooth much earlier.

Since the effect of curly curls, which lasts several months, is performed using chemistry, hair rods after such contact will need specific care. Masters recommend taking care of your hair as follows.

• You need to wash your hair only with specialized compounds. On sale are shampoos and makeup complexes that will strengthen and restore the structure of the damaged hair shaft.
• After any composition for curling, even the most gentle, the hair will be overdried, so regular nourishing masks for curly hair will be a mandatory step regarding care. You can use folk remedies or store products that will contain collagen, keratins and panthenol. As for home masks, nettle and hop formulations, various moisturizing and nourishing essential oils can be used as a suitable option.
• The beauty of the hair after chemistry can be maintained if you start taking fish oil.
• A well-groomed appearance can be maintained for a long time with regular cutting of the ends, as well as the use of special oils and creams.
• Comb your hair more correctly with a brush with wide cloves. Some women after curling do without a comb at all, modeling a hairstyle with the fingers.
• To fix the result within 2-3 days after the procedure, you should refrain from washing your hair. Drying curls is best done naturally, without a hairdryer, carefully blotting along the entire length. Do not go to bed with wet hair.

The curls that form after chemistry will significantly change the initial look of the girl’s hairstyle and haircut; at this point, you should be prepared in advance. Immediately after perming, hair needs to be given some time to adapt. Masters of beauty salons recommend refraining from using a hairdryer and styling products for a week. You can start braiding and stacking curly curls only after 3-4 days. A similar dormant phase is necessary for the hair rods in order for the curls to finally take shape.

As for short haircuts, they are usually laid with wax or gel. Fixing curls does not take much time, it will be enough to take a small amount of the chosen product in the palm of your hand and wrinkle the hair a little. You can raise the strands at the roots so that the haircut acquires splendor and texture. A good option would be a short-haired chemistry with a bang. It is left flat, and the rest of the hair frizz. Further creation of a beautiful and feminine image is achieved by decorating the head with rims, ribbons or other similar decorative accessories.

You can also create a beautiful hairstyle with chemistry by styling your hair with wax, creating a wet effect. The longer the hair, the more options for styling curled strands. Curls can be collected on one side at the top or, if length allows, under the ear. Strands that fall out are fixed by invisibility. On medium-length hair, it will be possible to collect the hair as high as possible on the back of the head, fixing and arranging the strands so that some of them fall forward and the rest back. Hair to the shoulders and below with small curls or volumetric curls can be left loose, creating the effect of wet hair.

The classic styling option involves applying foam or mousse to wet hair, excluding the zone in the root area. Then you need to tilt your head forward, squeezing the curls with your hands from the ends to the roots. Having finished with this procedure, a parting is done, even or oblique of your choice, and the hair is dried using a hairdryer or in a natural way. This option is universal and, at the same time, very convenient for long hair.

Despite the fact that perm has a negative effect on the hair, it remains popular today. According to the numerous responses that the clients of beauty salons leave about a wave, there are many positive and negative characteristics regarding the procedure. However, modern compositions used for curling, still have less aggressive properties than before, therefore, with proper subsequent care, the hair has an attractive appearance, and also recovers quite quickly.

About the world of hair curling possibilities, see the next video.