Rules of communication: ethics of communication with different people

Communication is the main tool for interaction between people. With the help of verbal or non-verbal signs, emotions, desires, intentions are expressed, information is transmitted. Possession of communication skills makes it easy to establish contact with people, to be successful in all areas of life.

The doctrine of morality is included in the concept of ethics. Moral standards include the rules of interaction between people established by society. Interaction includes generally accepted standards of behavior and communication. Ethical principles are arbitrary and they differ in different cultures. However, their observance is a necessary condition for existence in society.

The essence of morality lies in the presence of moral qualities that allow you to successfully interact with other people at a decent level.

Respectful attitude, goodwill, openness, equality, freedom of expression are welcome.

Verbal communication using speech means accompanies the expression of your thoughts, opinions, emotions, the exchange of information. It can be characterized in terms of:

• literacy;
• accessibility;
• accuracy;
• content content;
• expressiveness.

The following types of verbal communication are distinguished:

• Regular communication or conversation - an exchange of opinions, experience.
• Discussion - issues are being addressed, tasks are being discussed.
• Confrontation - there is a dispute, upholding of a position.
• Disputation - there is a public discussion of socially important topics.
• Discussion - various opinions are discussed in order to search for truth.
• Symposium - short performances of several people are held.
• Lecture - there is a performance of one participant.
• Polemic - there is an exchange of views, discussion in order to win, to defend one’s position.

The effectiveness of this or that type of verbal communication depends on correctly set goals, on the constructiveness of information.

Different age categories of people have their own characteristics. Therefore, when interacting with them in everyday life or in an official setting, it is necessary to take into account some nuances.

So, for example, when communicating with younger children, they need to devote more time, sincerely interested in their problems, listen carefully.

When communicating with friends or peers, it is important to respect the opinions of others. It is not recommended to give advice where they are not asked. Interaction should be based on the principles of cooperation, openness, honesty.

When communicating with parents, you need to be more tolerant, listen carefully to their opinions or advice. You should not conflict, try to prove your case. It is necessary to strive for a constructive dialogue. Kind affectionate words work wonders.

In no case should you say something with arrogance or in a dismissive tone. When talking, you need to be extremely attentive, polite.

When communicating with older adults, you need to show respect, courtesy, honesty. It is not allowed to appeal to “you” or simply by name, unless the interlocutor himself expresses such a desire. You need to talk in a calm, relaxed, friendly manner.

Communication with the elderly should be based on respect, respect, courtesy, openness. You must always contact by name, patronymic, to "you."

When talking, you need to use only kind and positive words.

When talking on the phone there is no eye contact, so the main and decisive impression is based on the greeting. The first spoken phrases, intonation, manner of communication affect the result and the duration of the entire conversation.

Telephone communication begins from the moment when the dial tone went on. According to the rules of good tone, the handset should be picked up immediately after the third call. It is recommended to wait for an answer until the eighth call.

After the answer sounds, it is important to greet as politely as possible, be sure to introduce yourself.

It is important to observe the measured pace of speech. Too fast speech is poorly perceived by ear, its meaning is often missed. Slow pace can begin to annoy the other person, and he will begin to be distracted. The voice should not be too quiet and not too loud.

To maintain a positive attitude during the conversation you need to smile. A smile is always felt when talking on the phone, and it gives special courtesy to the voice. It is recommended to periodically contact by first name or middle name.A person is always pleased to hear his name. In addition, it gives a touch of personality.

However, the interlocutor should not be aware that the words are prepared in advance. The conversation should take place in the most natural, laid-back manner.

It is important to pause between semantic sentences, giving a person the opportunity to express their opinion on the issue under discussion. In this case, you need to carefully, actively listen. This can be done with the help of such short phrases as “yes”, “good”, “understandable”.

End a phone conversation on a positive note. You can’t abruptly cut off communication. Recent phrases are very important. Proper farewell is almost the last chance that can help change the situation in the opposite direction. Therefore, it is better to plan ahead.

Modern technologies allow you to communicate via the Internet using social networks for this application. Gradually, such communication penetrates into all spheres of human activity. If earlier such communication only occurred between close friends and relatives, now serious work issues are being solved this way, political topics are being discussed, and interest groups are being created. Discussions in social networks shape the worldview of modern people.

There are unwritten etiquette rules that should be followed during correspondence, so as not to spoil your impression. Not seeing the interlocutor and not hearing his voice, the opinion, as a rule, is formed on the basis of:

• literacy;
• ability to concisely express their thoughts;
• politeness;
• vocabulary used.

It should be borne in mind that words written only in capital letters carry a lot of emotional stress. It is better to avoid a large number of exclamation points, question marks, dots, understatement. This may form a misnomer. In no case should you use obscene words.

Before sending a message, you should carefully read it, evaluate the appropriateness of the information provided. Do not forget to thank you whenever you can.

On the pages of social networks, you should consciously select photos that you want to share with others. Any trifle is important.

All this can scare away not only the interlocutors, but also potential employers. One of the current trends in the search and selection of personnel is the use of social networks.

Non-verbal interaction is carried out using facial expressions, gestures, habits. Clothing, its cut, color, combination can say a lot about the emotional state, character, status. A sloppy look creates poorly ironed clothes, unfastened to all buttons. The integrity of the image gives the hairstyle. Hair should be clean and neatly styled.

There are certain rules that allow you to effectively interact with each other. Among the highlights are:

• Distance. Invasion of personal space - closer than 40 cm - causes discomfort.
• Eye contact. When talking, you need to look in the eyes as often as possible, about 60% of the time. This is how trust is formed. However, do not abuse it. Too long a gaze expresses distrust, aggression.

• Using open poses. Crossing arms or legs is not recommended. Such poses express closedness, unwillingness to make contact.
• Direct posture testifies to self-confidence.
• Lack of displeasing postures superiority, neglect.These include the pose when the hands rest on the side, lowered in pockets or are behind.
• Lack of excessive gestures. Otherwise, it may seem that the speaker does not have enough vocabulary to express his thoughts.

It should be noted that the location of the interlocutors is also important. Opposing each other, opponents are more prone to confrontation than sitting side by side. Therefore, for business negotiations, round tables are often used.

During the conflict there is a clash of opinions, interests, positions. Confrontation may result in a common goal or devastating consequences. Therefore, any conflict must be sought to translate into a positive channel, and if possible, prevented altogether.

Be sure to give your opponent the opportunity to get out of the situation with dignity. In order not to create the preconditions for a confrontation, it is recommended to adhere to simple principles that allow you to effectively interact with others.

These include:

• politeness;
• respect;
• positivity;
• openness
• Attention;
• decency;
• specificity;
• preservation of personal boundaries;
• tolerance;
• justice;
• compassion.

The ability to enter the position of another person allows you to understand the motives of his behavior, to look at the situation from a different angle. You should not react to aggression emotionally. This can lead to an uncontrolled hazardous situation. Also, do not give in to provocations.

In the professional world, it is customary to observe the ethics of business communication. This is a set of rules aimed at achieving specific goals. The specifics of the interaction is not to show interesting aspects of your character, but to interest the partner, inspire trust and respect. It is important to find common ground, to identify boundaries, areas of interaction. This takes into account the cultural, national characteristics of the business partner.

Among the key skills for successful business negotiations are:

• the ability to correctly express their intentions;
• ability to analyze;
• the ability to listen;
• ability to defend one’s position;
• a sober assessment of all the pros and cons;
• proficiency in professional terminology.

There are the main stages of a business conversation:

• Greeting. At this stage, the formation of the first impression.
• Introductory part. Includes preparation for discussion of key issues.
• Discussion. It includes specifying the situation, considering possible options, making a decision.
• Completion. Farewell, also influencing the formation of a holistic impression.

When talking, it is necessary to show sincere interest in the topic, goodwill. Mood, emotional state should not affect the pace of speech and its volume. Facial expression should be open, friendly. Nothing has so much as a sincere smile of the interlocutor.

In the field of professional communication, qualities such as tact, honesty, decency, clarity are valued.

Regardless of the form in which a business meeting takes place, it is necessary to follow the diction, pace of speech, volume, construction of phrases, the correct arrangement of emphasis. At any outcome of a business meeting, a positive impression of the conversation should remain. This greatly increases the chances of improving the result.

In society, there are unwritten norms of behavior in the interaction of opposite sexes, the observance of which is a manifestation of upbringing. Among the most common rules are:

• Helping a man with weight lifting.
• Making way for a woman in transport.
• Opening the door to a woman.
• During a joint walk, the man should be on the left side of the companion.
• When riding a taxi, a man opens the back door to the right, lets a companion pass, and then sits down himself.

• When driving in his own car, the man must open the front door of the car for the lady, only then get behind the wheel.
• Smoking in the presence of a woman is allowed only with her permission.
• In the wardrobe, a man should help a woman take off her outer clothing, and then undress herself.
• When descending the stairs, the man goes in front, and when climbing - behind.
• A man should not be late for a meeting with a woman.

In modern society, such norms of behavior are not very popular, but knowledge and manifestation of them can cause respect, sympathy, admiration.

The basic principles of effective interpersonal interaction are:

• mutual assistance;
• observance of another's space;
• respect;
• cultural communication.

Being in any public place, you should adhere to that culture of behavior that is acceptable for that place:

• Being in public transport, it is not recommended to push others around to find free space or to get out as quickly as possible. It should give way to the elderly, children, women. Large bags should be placed in a place where they will not interfere. The backpack should be held in hands.
• While in various stores, large supermarkets, it is not recommended to take unwanted goods from the shelves, and then leave them in places not intended for this.
• While at work, you must adhere to the rules that are established in this institution. This may be a certain type of clothing, hairstyle, jewelry. It is not recommended to discuss personal topics with colleagues. Also, do not discuss the colleagues themselves, especially behind them.

• When attending a movie session, it is not recommended to talk loudly, comment on what is happening, rattle banks or rustle in packets. All this interferes with others and causes irritation. The remaining garbage must be discarded at the end of the session.
• While in a medical facility, it is not recommended to talk loudly, use mobile phones, especially if there is diagnostic equipment nearby. If there is a queue, then it will have to be followed.

Due to the observance of the rules of good tone, a positive impression is created and a positive attitude of others is formed.

For more on the rules of etiquette when dealing with different people, see the next video.