Carer: job description, requirements and responsibilities

The formation of personality begins in childhood, so the work of the educator is very significant, very important and honorable. We will talk about what a kindergarten teacher should be, what knowledge and skills he should possess, how to learn a profession, and what career prospects exist in this specialty, in this review.

In our country, the profession of a preschool teacher appeared in the middle of the 19th century, when the very first pre-school institutions began to open in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Helsinki and some other cities. In those years, institutions were paid, because only wealthy people could afford to register a child in them.

In Soviet times, pre-school education was completely free, parents only paid small amounts to pay for food. In 1959, a manger appeared, where the kids were taken from two months of age. Today, the number of kindergartens in our country exceeds the mark of 40-50 thousand, and new preschool institutions are built and opened annually.

The kindergarten teacher looks after the children while their parents are at work, but the list of functions of this specialist does not end there: he conducts training classes, teaches the basics of reading, mathematics, teaches modeling, application, drawing, music and dance, and also does physical education. The educator gives the child first ideas about the world, the principles of relationships between people, helps to adapt and socialize, teaches us to distinguish good from bad, explains the rules of behavior in society.

Most often, children aged 3 to 7 years fall into kindergarten - this is the preschool period, which is conditionally divided into three stages:

• the youngest - 3-4 years;
• average - 4-5 years;
• the eldest is 5-7 years old.

The teacher's professional standard imposes an obligation to know the behavioral characteristics of children in these groups and to be able to use pedagogical methods appropriate for their age.

The profession of an educator is attractive in that it allows you to fully show your love for children, to help young members of society to develop harmoniously. But if you look more practical, then Among the advantages of the profession are the following:

• shift schedule: usually the first shift starts at 7:00 and ends at 13, and the second lasts from 13 to 19 hours;
• long vacation: varies from 46 to 56 days depending on the length of service;
• demand: Good educators have always been and will be needed, especially since the number of preschool educational institutions is steadily growing every year;
• active lifestyle: activity guarantees the absence of boring work, involves constant communication with different people, the organization of interesting events, provides for outdoor games and allows you to fully demonstrate all your qualities.

Unfortunately, the work of an educator in our country is paid very poorly. Only those who are completely “divorced” from reality do not know about the low salaries of representatives of this profession. But many do not even suspect other disadvantages of the profession.

These include:

• work in conditions of constant noise;
• an increased level of responsibility for the safety of life of pupils and their health, and in this case we are talking not only about moral, but also about criminal liability;
• the need to control your emotions: even if you have personal problems, you still need to communicate in a friendly manner, smile and engage with your students enthusiastically;
• constant presence at the workplace, the need to pay increased attention - this is due to the personal responsibility of any educational worker for the safety of children.

Among the main duties of the teacher can be identified:

• monitoring children's health during the morning reception for a daily stay;
• cutlery skills training in the process of eating;
• organization and conduct of general education classes (modeling, drawing, reading aloud and verbal counting);
• control over compliance daily routine;
• adaptation organization guys
• organization and conduct of children's leisure and holiday concerts;
• supervision of pupilsinforming their legal representatives and the administration of the preschool institution in the event of the first signs of illness;
• attendance control;
• physical education classes in the gym and outdoors;
• tracking the emotional background of a child, if necessary, the organization of psychological counseling;
• conducting walks: Assistance in dressing, games on site and conducting small excursions;
• organization of daytime sleep for students: presence in the sleeping room during laying, assistance in cleaning the bed and tidying up the appearance after waking up;
• ensuring the transfer of the child to parents or legal representatives;
• participation in competitions, teacher councils and seminars;
• work with parents regarding education;
• making report, records management.

The teacher must have the skills of a child psychologist, take a course in child physiology, medicine and personal hygiene. He needs this not only in order to teach the pupils the basics of caring for their bodies, but also in order to provide first aid to children if necessary.

A DOU employee must be a sensitive observer in order to see and understand well everything that happens to his pupils.

In addition, the competence of the educator of the preschool educational institution should include:

• goals, objectives and basic methods of education and training of young children;
• the basics of behavioral psychology of preschoolers;
• different methods of development of the guys.

The teacher must be able to:

• ensure the creation of a harmonious subject-development environment;
• interact with children and their parents, as well as other DOE employees;
• use technical training tools, as well as computer programs.

Higher educator categories can apply for a position of the senior educator (methodologist of DOU).

His job description includes:

• analysis of new trends in preschool education;
• nomination for consideration of promising areas of educational activities of DOE;
• providing qualified assistance to educators in the implementation of training programs;
• coordination of interaction between representatives of pedagogical science and practitioners;
• organization of educational work for parents.

Head teacher, in fact, does the work of the deputy head of the kindergarten. Its functions include creating conditions for qualified educational services.

The senior educator-methodologist should know:

• Fundamentals of legislation regarding the rights and protection of children;
• basic doctrines of preschool psychology and pedagogy;
• the concept of preschool educational process;
• common methods of education of young children;
• promising areas of diagnosis and correction of development;
• the basics of the form and methods of working with the family.

Teaching a child does not make sense if an adult does not show him his personal positive example. Children in their actions do not rely on the words of the educator, but on his behavior, therefore, the most stringent requirements are made to the personal qualities of the DOU employee.

The teacher must be humane, and it is important to instill this quality in the children around him. Under the strict guidance of a teacher, children should learn to resolve all difficulties in communicating with peers, be friends and respect each other, forgive their offenders and apologize themselves.

Tolerance is no less relevant for the teacher: the teacher must accept his children as they are, regardless of nationality, religion or personal characteristics of their parents. It is important that the teacher considers the child to be a person: he should not allow himself to insult him, raise his voice and take physical measures.

In addition, for the teacher such qualities as are relevant:

• observation;
• sociability;
• cheerfulness;
• active life position;
• justice;
• sincerity;
• responsiveness;

The teacher in any situation should focus on the interests of children. For him, the appearance of pets and outsiders is unacceptable, he should relate to all his pupils equally.

It is necessary to select a person with a competent speech for the position of a teacher at a preschool educational institution. At a young age, when the vocabulary is actively growing in children, it is important that there is a clean and correct language environment around them, without youth slang, clericalism and various cliches. The teacher’s speech should be clear, understandable, concise.

Of course, the appearance of the teacher, his culture and social image plays an important role. On the one hand, kindergartens do not set any dress code, but the framework should still be clear. It is not permissible for a teacher to come to work in tight T-shirts, miniskirts and sweatshirts with a neckline. Ripped jeans, tattoos, and creative hair colors are not acceptable.. The appearance of the educator should show his professionalism, and not the dignity of the figure.

To become a teacher of preschool education, you can have not only higher, but also secondary specialized education. In pedagogical technical schools offer two main professions: preschool education, as well as special education. In the first case, training is carried out for DOU employees; in the second, personnel are trained to work with children with certain deviations in mental or physical development.

To go to college, you do not need to take entrance exams in subjects, it is enough to pass only an interview and a competition for school certificates. At the end of grade 9, training lasts 3 years 10 months, and after grade 11 - 2 years 10 months.

Many employers prefer to recruit employees with higher education.. However, as practice shows, in order to be a good teacher, college education is quite enough: this is because the number of practical classes in STR is much larger than in higher education institutions.

In the framework of specialized education, the future teacher takes such courses as:

• teaching methods of basic mathematics, fine arts, reading, counting, applied disciplines, as well as physical education;
• anatomy, children's physiology, preschool psychology.

In order to keep up with modern trends in pedagogy, each educator must from time to time take refresher and advanced training courses, attend seminars, conferences and participate in methodological associations.

The salary of a DOU employee consists of two parts: the base salary and incentive payments. The latter are usually awarded based on the results of various competitions and events. This includes holding meetings with parents, organizing holidays and matinees, participating in creative sports at the city, as well as at the district, regional or federal levels.

In addition, salary increases are based on salaries:

• work experience: when working for more than three years, the salary increases by 5%, 10 years - by 10%, 20 years - by 20%, and above this experience - by 25%;
• awards and regalia: the salary of the holder of the title “excellent student” or “honorary educator” is increased by 20%, salaries of candidates of sciences, honored teachers and persons who have received state awards are also subject to increase;
• the level of education: The basic rate is usually applied to teachers who have received secondary specialized education, while with higher pedagogical education, it increases by 50%.

The portfolio of educators includes several sections:

• introduction, which contains general information: personal data, education, work experience and professional experience;
• portrait: includes a short essay on the topic "Me and my profession" and a description of the head of the DOW;
• professional achievements: this section includes reports on the results of labor, plans for educational and methodological work;
• pupils' achievements: this includes letters and certificates from pupils for participating in contests, contests, shows and sporting events;
• documentation: here it is necessary to attach documents confirming participation in seminars, continuing education courses;
• expert ratings folder, which includes reviews, internal and external awards, letters of appreciation.

The profession of educator does not imply any prospective growth. The most stubborn can grow to the post of head of a kindergarten, but this will definitely require a diploma of higher education. If you were able to get a second higher education and passed several retraining courses, then there is a chance to make a career in the Ministry of Education.

The teacher can always go to work as a tutor and engage in the development of children at home, for example, through the Montessori system. The most promising, but at the same time the most difficult option is to open your own private kindergarten.

To date, it is safe to say that the profession of educator will remain in demand for a long time to come.