Shepherd dogs: types, characteristics, selection and care tips

The human need for the maintenance of a true and true four-legged friend has existed throughout the history of its existence. And this is not surprising. The difficulties of living conditions, the large volume of field work and the high probability of attack by predators living nearby required special protection. And even after a long period of time, these factors did not lose their strength, but only strengthened in various industries, for example, law enforcement, assistance in rescue operations, cargo delivery in difficult terrain and much more. Strong and hardy dog ​​breeds are ideal for all these jobs. Best of all, a shepherd handles these duties.

Shepherd dogs are very popular not only among professional breeders. These four-legged creatures are considered the most intelligent and savvy dogs. After all, it is the shepherd dogs that are preferred in the military departments, security and rescue structures. They have repeatedly proved their love and devotion to man, solved the most complex tasks, performed the required commands and correctly assessed various situations.

In itself, the name of the shepherd is a generalized concept. In the world there are a huge number of varieties of these dogs, each of which has exceptional qualities. But in general, there is a significant similarity between them.

Regardless of the external data, the shepherd easily fulfill the tasks assigned to them. Moreover, this quality is inherited. Even puppies of "noble" breeds, which have a thoroughbred shepherd in their ancestors, can safely claim the title of an intelligent and savvy dog.

Initially, the shepherd was bred as an additional workforce. Then people began to make some efforts to improve the existing abilities of the animal and develop new qualities. And after all, all these efforts were not in vain.

Special attention should be paid to the appearance of the shepherd dogs, which has multiple differences from other breeds. First of all, shepherd dogs are characterized as large-sized dogs with majestic thick coat that protects the animal from cold in severe frosts. Her color is completely dependent on the breed of the pet. Moreover, each individual dog is considered unique and unusual.

Each member of the shepherd family requires constant care. Of course, not as scrupulous as behind decorative miniature dogs, and yet there are certain nuances in this matter. A distinctive feature of shepherds is good health. Their immunity is so strong that it easily copes with many diseases.

The loyalty of shepherd dogs to their owners has no limits. They will not leave the owner if he is in a difficult situation, and even try to help. In order for the animal to show its best in relations with humans, it is necessary to pay special attention to the dog, from childhood to begin to educate and train various teams.

By its biological characteristics, a small puppy grows up to 3 years. It is at this age that the formation of joints, cartilage and bones to the state of an adult is finally completed. Just at this age of the dog, the owner will be able to fully understand the qualities that his pet is endowed with.

For every modern person, the word shepherd is associated with eminent films and series, for example, “Come to me, Mukhtar” or “Commissar Rex”, where the brave German shepherd dog acts as the main character. But in fact, in addition to the German representatives of these dogs, there are other varieties of shepherd dogs that differ in intelligence, kindness and diligence. Below are the most common types of shepherd dogs.

Representatives of this breed are distinguished by large sizes, hair with a thick undercoat, a dense chest and a special stance, where a lowered pelvis is pronounced. The maximum weight of adults is 40 kg, height at the withers - 65 cm. In most cases, German shepherds have black color, which is considered a classic. Although there are representatives of the breed described with sable hair color.

Dog handlers who professionally train purebred dogs claim that the Germans' character is characterized by restraint and calm, they are easy to trainare not prone to aggression, with the exception of working moments - we are talking about serving in the police or security.

Thanks to its special intelligence, German shepherds are among the three most intelligent dogs with quick wit. And this is not surprising, because many German shepherds were able to save human life in the most extreme situations. This fact applies not only to wartime. Even today, when peace flourishes on a larger territory of the earth, the Germans still serve for the good of society or for their families.

Representatives of this breed have an unusual appearance. Their distinctive feature is a short wavy coat and smooth face. The structure of the hairline is very flexible, so there are no problems to care for it.The length of the hairs does not allow the mats to form, and some curly hair gives the shepherd a special charm.

Professional breeders note that Croatian shepherds are very gambling creatures. They are very hardy, so they can go on a long journey with their master. Representatives of the Croatian breed are unpretentious in everyday life and easily adapt to changes in the situation.

Sociability of these dogs has no limits. They are ready for hours to enjoy the company of people, and even better to be in the center of their attention. Ever since ancient times, when Croatian shepherds were used only for the protection and collection of sheep straying from the herd, these dogs were guided not only by human knowledge, but also listened to their own instinct, which directed them to independently resolve the situation.

Among dog handlers and breeders, the most common name for the described dogs is the name shilon. The International Cynological Association recognized this breed only in 1990., then secured her description of the standard appearance.

The physique of these dogs must be large, proportionate and powerful. Their head is medium in size with an elongated muzzle characteristic of shepherds. Dark brown eyes are close to each other. The ears are small in size but have a standing shape. Unlike a German shepherd, the back of shilons is much wider and longer.

The coat of the breed described is of several types. In some representatives, it is smooth, has an average length, where the outer hairs are stiff, and the undercoat has a pleasant softness. Other shilons have plush, silky, and, one might say, elegant, wool.

The nature of these dogs is complaisant, balanced. Shilon Shepherd dogs are real friends and companions not only for their owner, but also for his family, especially for young children. In addition to protecting the child, they can become a real nanny for them.

The birthplace of the Basque Shepherd is northern Spain. Since ancient times, these dogs have been used as help to shepherds. Dogs helped not only put the herd in a heap, but also protected him from the attack of wild animals.

To date, two subspecies of the breed are distinguished - yletsua and gorbeiakoa. Although, according to their external data, these two representatives of the Basque breed do not have big differences.

According to the standards of the Kennel International Association, Basque shepherd dogs are considered the largest representatives among their relatives. Their coat is very coarse, has an average length, the color is distinguished by a multiple palette of red color. The muzzle is narrow, there is a black mask on the eyes. The tail is fluffy, in appearance resembles a saber.

Basque-style shepherd dogs are distinguished by good intelligence, which makes them perfectly trained and learn new skills. The socialization of representatives of this breed must begin in early childhood. It is strictly forbidden to encourage aggression in a puppy in relation to other living beings, otherwise an adult dog will become uncontrollable.

In general, this dog is very sociable and friendly. She is devoted to her master, good-naturedly related to his family. But he perceives strangers with some caution, thanks to which he can become a good guard.

Representatives of this breed are large and strong dogs with a rough physique. On the head there is a neat transition from the frontal to the muzzle. The nose has a pronounced contour. The small size of the dog’s eyes indicates purebred breed. Unlike other representatives of shepherd dogs, Bukovinian dogs have small hanging ears with rounded tips.

In the nature of the representatives of this breed there is courage. They are ready to rush into battle, protecting their master, his family and guarded property. A distinctive feature of Bukovinian dogs is a pronounced distrust of strangers. But they love children more than anything, they are ready to play with them for hours and enjoy their company.

It is important for breeders who want to keep a Bukovinian shepherd in their house to take into account the fact that the dog needs a large area for walking, where it can spend the accumulated energy.

West European shepherds in appearance very much resemble representatives of the German breed. For this reason, most lay people often confuse animals. Although the Western European representatives are larger in size. Their hair is quite thick, has an average length. In addition, they have a different manner of movement.

The maximum growth of West European shepherds is 76 cm by standard, weight 60 kg. The head is proportional to the body, although visually it seems quite large. The size of the ears is average, they have a standing shape, their tips are directed upwards. If you do not go into the details of the cynological description, then when you see the West European Shepherd Dog, you can feel confident, serious, and some threatened..

Once in a large family, the West European Shepherd Dog chooses one owner for itself, but also treats the rest of the family warmly and good-naturedly. If the situation suddenly arises that the dog will have to be given, this venture will be unsuccessful, since the animal will not be able to create the same warm and friendly relations with another person.

The blood of Western European beauties has a suspicious attitude towards strangers. Without proper upbringing and training, they will be aggressive towards all living things that make them smell unfamiliar.

The second name of the represented breed sounds like Armant. Quite rare representatives of shepherd dogs, which not everyone can meet on the street. But at international exhibitions, Egyptian shepherds gather a large company and become the favorites of the event.

According to the breed standard, armants have impressive dimensions. Their height at the withers is 60 cm, the maximum weight is 30 kg. The muscular body is covered with dense hair, the color of which can be black or white-yellow. These features in the distant past allowed the Egyptian shepherd dogs to protect large herds of domestic animals. Thanks to their wool, they easily hid against the background of nature, and when danger arose they rushed to protect the sheep, scaring away wild animals with their sizes.

But despite their formidable appearance, representatives of this breed do not even have a hint of aggression. They are good-natured and affectionate creatures. They love children very much, they easily find a common language with them. The brave heart and courage of these dogs help protect their owner and his family from ill-wishers.

In the roots of the Kunming shepherd there are genes of German representatives of the breed, as evidenced by pronounced service qualities. In China, it is Kunming Shepherd dogs that are very popular in police and military service, and also help rescuers. For civilians, representatives of this breed can become real friends and pets.

Despite the outward similarity of the Kunming and German Shepherd dogs, there are a number of significant differences between them. Kunming residents have a light physique and great growth. The torso according to the breed standard is strong, dense. The hind legs are slightly lowered, due to which the back has a certain inclination. A distinctive feature of this breed are muscular limbs, thanks to which these dogs develop high speed.

By nature, these dogs are very intelligent and dedicated creatures. Service to the owner is not taken for granted, but as a manifestation of love. They relate well to the family of their owner, get along with children.

Representatives of this breed are large in size. The corresponding large skull is endowed with a long muzzle. The frontal part on the head is wide. The jaws are well developed, thanks to which, in just one bite, these dogs are able to bite the femur. The back of Kyrgyz shepherd dogs is straight, strong. The tail is lowered, the tip is slightly bent. In appearance, the dog's complexion is harmoniously folded, all parts of the body are proportional to each other. If you look at the dog from the side, it turns out to consider the grace of gait and the strength of the paws when moving.

In terms of temperament, the Kyrgyz Shepherd dogs are very faithful and fearless creatures with a lightning-fast reaction. The owners of this breed will not even need to have additional guards, as his faithful four-legged friend will be able to cope with any danger. At the same time, the animal fully exhibits protective qualities only in the territory entrusted to it. Once outside, these dogs turn into peaceful and calm dogs. Despite her love for children, the role of the nanny of the Kyrgyz Shepherd does not fit.

Surely few people can boast of acquaintance with a dwarf shepherd, and most do not even know about the existence of such a breed. Scientifically, these dogs are considered a separate breed. And dog breeders and dog handlers claim that representatives of this breed are Mini-Germans, as they look identical to their brothers. The reason for this is a genetic disease that was inherited from ancestors. In the medical field, this disease is called pituitary dwarfism syndrome.

According to the breed standard, the maximum height of mini-dogs at the withers is 50 cm and weight is 15 kg. Such sizes correspond to the six-month-old age of German Shepherd puppies.

On the one hand, it may seem that such dogs do not require special care, but in fact they need to be regularly shown to the veterinarian. These charming creatures are prone to various diseases.

These miniature creatures are very friendly, easily find a common language with children. They perfectly cope with the protection of the territory and can live on the street or in the house.

Choosing a four-legged friend for home maintenance is not an easy task.A dog brought home should not only protect movable and immovable property, but also become a full-fledged member of the family, which will be trusted, respected and supported.

Dog lovers who want to get a shepherd should contact a specialized kennel. Of course, puppies there will be slightly more expensive than on the bird market, but it will turn out to be carefully acquainted with all the features of the animal you like. For example, study the history of diseases of a family tree. In simple words the breeder is obliged to notify future owners of all the features of the chosen pet, about genetic diseases that can be inherited, about deviations that may have been identified in the puppy's parents.

Before acquiring an animal, it must be examined. In this case, an inexperienced person will be helped by a veterinarian who can check the animal for diseases, as well as examine the eyes, ears, undercoat, get acquainted with the dog’s nutrition and understand the basic characteristics of the puppy’s immunity.

It is also necessary to pay special attention to the temperament of the four-legged pet. For example, a walk with an animal near an aviary will allow you to see how the puppy relates to the future owner, and to a stranger as a whole. In this case, it should be remembered that shepherds of any age are companionable creatures and with great pleasure will spend time with people.

In addition to walking, you can create some inconvenience for the dog, thereby checking how the puppy will behave in a particular situation. For example, raise him by a scruff above the ground or in a playful form, carefully topple the baby on his back. The puppy in such situations should resist, but not too actively. If the animal shows fear or aggression, we can safely say that with age these factors will negatively affect the upbringing of the dog. With such a scrupulous approach, everyone will be able to purchase a suitable animal for a family with an unusual lifestyle.

German shepherds are large, active, intelligent and devoted to their owner dogs. To make them feel good, they need to provide quality care. Shepherd dogs need proper nutrition, special maintenance and timely visits to the veterinarian. Do not forget about the need for physical activity. If the owner makes an effort to properly maintain the animal, the dog will live a long and happy life, during which he will serve faithfully to his family.

Since shepherd dogs are large dogs, they often have problems with joints. For this reason, it is very important to properly feed the animal throughout its life. If the dog's diet consists of dry food, it should not have empty ingredients. The main thing is that animal protein is present in the composition, and not its corn substitutes.

Generally the shepherd can eat both wet and dry food. If desired, the owner can combine these two types of food in equal quantities. If the owner has decided to feed the dog with natural food, he will need to consult an experienced veterinarian to know what products the animal should be given. You can’t feed the dog food from the table, even if the dog insistently begs.

Newborn puppies under the age of 1 month eat only breast milk, and only after that they begin to show interest in adult food.With each stage of maturation, the body of the shepherd requires the receipt of appropriate nutrients. In simple words puppies need food for puppies, and adult dogs are given food for adults. Older dogs should be fed dry food for older dogs. At the same time, each subgroup of feed is rich in vitamins and substances necessary for a certain organism - puppy food promotes the development of the body, adult food strengthens bones and supports the proper functioning of organs, food for older dogs supports the general condition of the dog.

To choose the right food, it is best to contact a veterinarian who can tell you what kind of food is suitable for a dog of one age or another. You can’t change food sharply if the owner has a desire to change the diet of his pet. First you need to mix the usual type of food with the new product, and then smoothly transfer the animal to a different feeding option. The transition process takes several weeks.

The serving size should be appropriate for the weight and age of the animal. On dry feed packages, the manufacturer indicates the approximate serving size for animals of one age or another. Breeders who do not trust the manufacturer’s information can consult a veterinarian. He immediately informs that one of the rules of proper nutrition is the uniform distribution of food throughout the day.

You can feed the shepherd twice a day - morning and evening, or divide the daily ration into 3-4 parts. Of course, with multiple feeding, the number of servings will be less, but this will prevent the dog from bloating. If the animal is fed more than twice a day, it needs to be taken outside after each meal, but not allowed the dog to be active.

It is important that the dog has constant access to clean drinking water throughout the day. Throughout the day, the owner needs to check the presence of liquid in the bowl and add it. Lack of water can lead to dehydration, which is easily determined by the dog’s heavy breathing, lack of appetite and a dry nose.

Once a year, the shepherd must be taken to a veterinarian for a routine examination, so that you can avoid the development of many diseases or determine their presence in a timely manner and prescribe the necessary course of treatment. In addition, the veterinarian will make annual vaccinations, information about which will be reflected in the animal’s health passport.

Seeing that the shepherd has started to limp and is losing her appetite, she should be shown to the doctor. With age, these kind and charming dogs begin to suffer from joint diseases. And an unusual gait of the animal may be the first sign of the disease.

Many shepherd owners claim that keeping track of these animals is easy. This is especially true for bath procedures and combing wool. Bathing the dog is done as necessary, although it is better to send the animal to the bathroom once a month. And the procedure for combing the shepherd's hair occurs much more often - twice a week.

In principle, the dog can be washed on its own, but if there is no such possibility, you will need to take it to the groomer. If the dog leads an active lifestyle, he will have to bathe more often, the main thing is to use specialized shampoos and balms, which will protect her skin from drying out.

Dog care involves trimming your claws, brushing your ears, and rubbing your eyes. In the case of a shepherd, you don’t have to trim the nails, they grind them on the asphalt on their own. Ears are checked once every 10 days and when a little dirt appears, they are cleaned with a cotton pad. The eyes of the shepherd are always in sight, so it’s not difficult to see deviations from the norm.Although, as daily procedures, you can wipe them with cotton wool soaked in warm tea leaves.

Shepherd dogs need a large space where they can run, jump and have fun. The best option would be the yard of a private house, but if we are talking about an apartment, you should give the animal a separate territory for games so that the dog can spend the accumulated energy. In the absence of physical activity, the accumulated animal energy will not exit. Accordingly, the dog’s muscles will not work in normal mode, which will lead to their rapid wear.

Shepherd dogs, like other breeds of dogs, it is important the attention of the owner and all family members. For joint games with animal owners will need to devote about 2 hours a day. In addition, you need to go for long walks, arrange jogging or just play catch-up. Scientists have proven that the lack of necessary mobility in shepherds can lead not only to joint diseases. They can become depressed, and then it will be extremely difficult to get the animal out of this state.

The new owner must remember that a puppy under the age of 1.5 years should not be taken for long walks and arrange too active games. At this age, their joints and skeleton only form, and any sudden movement can lead to disastrous consequences.

It is important to remember that Shepherd dogs love open space, so with great pleasure they will go to the park to run along the green lawns. But here, the owner of the animal must be vigilant. Shepherd dogs should not be in the open sun for a long time, otherwise they will experience heat stroke. Their long hair only in winter saves from severe frosts, so summer sorties are best done in the shade and not in the sunshine itself. But if suddenly the dog is still overheated, the first sign of this will be difficulty breathing, confused gait and redness of the gums.

From a young age, shepherd dogs need to be introduced to the environment, different places, people and animals. Studying the world will allow the dog to get used to society very quickly and adequately perceive the actions taking place around. Lack of socialization can lead to inadequacy and aggression of the shepherd in adulthood.

Even if a security guard awaits the puppy in the future, it still needs to be socialized., and after that you can start training.

In order for the four-legged friend to get used to people and other animals, in puppyhood he should often be picked up, stroked regularly, thanks to which an already grown shepherd dog will allow the owner to cut its nails and examine the oral cavity.

Qualitatively completed socialization is the first step towards the start of training. Shepherd dogs are by nature very intelligent and loyal dogs, easy to learn. The main thing is not to use rudeness. The dog understands the owner’s evil attitude and may lose confidence in him. Shepherd dogs must be dealt with from childhood. They require daily training. With age, training time can be increased.

Daily training will strengthen the relationship between the dog and its ownerthanks to which the shepherd will try to please the owner with his achievements, expecting a tasty encouragement in return. Trained and trained dogs will be able to become guide dogs, guards, rescuers.

We must not forget that the dog needs human attention and the friendly attitude of all members of the family. Shepherds subtly feel the negative mood of their own people and can even try to cheer them up. It is strictly forbidden to raise a hand on an animal, scream, unreasonably lecture, otherwise the dog will cease to believe his friend.

You will learn interesting facts about the German Shepherd in the next video.