Bashkir national costume

The history of the development of the Bashkir national costume is fascinating and diverse. Artists studying the creation of traditional clothing of different peoples still do not cease to admire the origin of the outfit of Bashkiria.

The Bashkir people settled on a very large territory, as a result of which a special mentality was formed in each district. This was due to the fact that the activities of people depended directly on the natural resources, of which there were the most in their area. In one part of Bashkiria, the inhabitants traded in hunting and cattle breeding, in another, preference was given to applied art, and in the third, to agriculture.

There were seven regions in total:

• Northeastern;
• Northwestern;
• Southeastern;
• Southwestern;
• Central;
• Oriental;
• Samara-Irgiz.

But even despite some detailed differences in clothing among residents of different regions, the Bashkir national costume surprisingly retains one culture, the same traditions, conveys a special folk spirit. This is what makes him interesting.

A remarkable feature of the national dress of Bashkiria is its multilayer structure. Even if the sun was mercilessly blowing on the street, the Bashkirs necessarily clothed in several layers of upper clothing. This differs the Bashkir people from the rest.

The main element of the national costume of the Bashkir people is called "Cossack." This is an outerwear that looks like a fitted jacket with spacious sleeves, equipped with a reliable lining. Cossack fastened with buttons.This product was universal - both women and men wore it with pleasure. Also, soldiers dressed in Cossacks.

The people of Bashkiria have never been indifferent to luxury, and this quality perfectly reflected in the traditional costume. People from wealthy families wore clothes made of white satin, expensive velvet, silk and satin.

No less popular were cotton products. Bashkirs, whose wallets were not so full of coins, mainly possessed outfits of sheepskin, home cloth and felt. Hemp and nettle canvases were often used.

The decorative elements were chic furs, leather, interesting embroidery with gold and silver threads, beads and even coins.

Religion played an important role in the life of the Bashkirs, so some of the canons when creating the national costume had to be respected. Clothing should not be too open so that women cannot demonstrate the natural virtues of their bodies to strangers. So the style of the traditional dress is very loose.

Well, what the Bashkirs did not skimp on is the variety of shades in their national costume!

Everyday clothes could not boast of particular brightness, but it is simply impossible to tear off the look from the outfit. At first glance, the usual shades are unusually masterfully combined in a suit, forming the perfect composition, which even in the twentieth century excites the imagination of talented designers.

In everyday suits, colors prevailed:

• Red.
• Brown.
• Blue.
• The black.
• Green.
• Yellow.

For sewing holiday dresses, many other shades were used. Celebrations at the festival always meant a lot to the Bashkir people, therefore it is not surprising that everyone wanted to stand out among the others as much as possible during the feast and traditional entertainment.

The ornament of the national costume has always been symbolic. Plant patterns, images of animals and other ethnic symbols protected the people from damage and attracted good luck.

The traditional outfit of the Bashkir girl still continues to slow modification. It is important for women to always be at their best, to attract interested views to themselves, and the women's costume of Bashkiria does an excellent job of fulfilling this desire.

• No girl could imagine herself without a national dress called cooldeck. The dress was decorated with embroidery. Initially, the kuldek was characterized by wide cuts, a turn-down collar and twine in the chest area, but the twentieth century brought a change in the usual look of the dress. The robe got a lapel and tucks on the chest.

• On top of the dress was a bib. It was believed that this product protects against evil spirits.
• The rich Bashkir women could afford to wear a camisole. This attribute expressed the position of a person on the social ladder. The camisole was decorated with a large number of silver coins.

• Under the kuldek girls wore yshtan - comfortable pants.
• Alyapkys (apron) Bashkirians are used in two cases - either doing household chores, or going to a solemn event. The apron, designed for the holidays, looks much more elegant.

Wedding is the main celebration of the Bashkir people! Careful preparation was carried out, and the bulk of this preparation was given to clothing. In order for the wedding attire to amaze all the guests, the engagement family paid huge sums of money to women who have the best embroidery talent.

• Women's dresses trimmed with elegant ribbons. Ruffles of wedding suits emphasized the individual qualities of the bride.
• The color scheme was of particular importance. Red shades symbolized the warmth of the hearth, and white was considered a sign of the sun and family well-being.
• The bride’s legs were in white boots, for the manufacture of which was used the thin skin of goats.

• The head of the Bashkir girl was under an air scarf.
• The bride is responsible for the wedding shirt for the groom. Bashkir herself sewed a product from red fabric and presented it to her future husband just before the start of the wedding.

Bashkir men were not so finicky in terms of their attire, so the men's national costume is slightly less diverse, but no less magnificent. Looking at the Bashkir, you would see a loose shirt, pants and a bathrobe that was replaced by a camisole. This is a casual version of a traditional outfit.

There are two types of Bashkir shirts:

• In the southern region, men wore shirts with an oblique cut, which was fastened with a lace. There was no collar on the product.
• The shirts of the inhabitants of the northern part of the country had a collar, and the cut was straight.

The outer clothing was a chekmen - dressing gowns made of cloth material, always decorated in rich green color, which is a symbol of nobility and masculinity. In addition to a dressing gown, men could boast a kazeki caftan with a high collar and a flared style.

The quality of the material made it clear how much man has at his disposal. If the dressing gown was made of fabric woven at home, it became clear to everyone that the Bashkirs did not manage to make the wealth.

In winter, the Bashkirs walked the streets in sheepskin coats and sheepskin coats.

The appearance of the children's national costume of Bashkiria differs very little.

The outfit for the girl looks exactly the same as the adult version, with one exception - girls who have not reached the age of ten were forbidden to wear a headdress with a veil called "takiya".

Patriots were instilled in boys from childhood, so there were no restrictions in their costume. The youth attire repeated in detail the clothes of their fathers. The boys wore a traditional belt that caught the attention of those around them with a rich golden pattern, as well as shirts with tight lacing and trousers.

Women's shoes were decorated with attractive tassels. In the summer, girls wore sabats (if you Russify the name, you get ordinary bast shoes), under which they put on stockings without fail. To create them, cloth and wool were used. For the occasion, the woman had decorated hosiery.

Bashkir men could also use stockings, but the bulk replaced them with footcloths.

Saryk and Itek boots were considered standard men's shoes. During the triumph, the Bashkirs laid these boots aside and appeared in public in beautiful Igichi. In order not to stain them on the way to the holiday, they had to put on galoshes on top. Once on the doorstep of the house where the fun was taking place, galoshes took off and remained in the Igichi.

Bashkirs paid much attention to headdresses. This accessory set the tone for the whole image of the representative of the Bashkir nation. The headdress showed many facts to those around - what is the owner’s financial condition, how old is he ... And precious stones not only adorned the product, but also served as a talisman.

The list of men's hats is not numerous - skullcap and fur hat. Bashkirs, professing Islam, were not allowed to appear before the gaze of society with their heads uncovered. The hats of the young men were decorated in light shades, and the hats of the elderly inspired respect with a dark color scheme.

The assortment of women's clothing delighted. Girls could choose a product for every taste and color.

In the event that the spouse of the Bashkir woman had a great fortune, she could envy other ladies, because the richest headdress - Kashmau - was available to her. The accessory is a cap with a hole on the top of the head. A long ribbon streamed down from the model, embroidered with bright beads and complemented by fringe.

The costume design of the Bashkir nation will not leave anyone indifferent.Reviews of people who have learned from their experience with the traditional costume of Bashkiria express utter enthusiasm. The robe helps to feel like a truly magnificent girl, to feel the wisdom of the people.