Bathroom: what is it, projects and interior design

A bathroom is an integral part of any apartment. When designing this space, it is important to consider not only the aesthetic appeal of the room, but also its functionality.

A bathroom is a place where people carry out sanitary and hygienic procedures.. The definition in accordance with SNiP contains a number of specific requirements regarding the size of these premises in residential and public buildings. The width of the space should not be less than 80 centimeters, and the depth should be at least 1.2 meters. The minimum ceiling height is indicated at 2.5 meters. If the bathroom is located in the attic, then from the toilet itself to the sloping roof, 1.05 to 1.1 meters should be kept.

The door of the room can only open outward, but the exit should not lead to the kitchen or living space, but only to the corridor or hallway. The description of the bathroom implies that its main components are a bathroom and a toilet, located either together or separately.

A number of unusual features have bathrooms in private homes., since in most cases the classic plumbing system is absent in them. Therefore, the country can be delivered dry closet which is a small portable device, the components of which are a toilet seat and a reservoir located under it.

Another option is backlash. In this case we are talking about a warmed bathroom, directly connected to a cesspool, the waste into which flows through pipes. Finally, it makes sense to install a powder-closet connecting the toilet and the cesspool with the box system.

Typical bathrooms are divided into three main types. First - combined bathroom, in which the bath or shower is located in the same room with the toilet. The main advantage of this variety is the saving of living space, which is especially important with a small footage of the apartment. The adjacent bathroom in some cases has a more convenient layout, which allows cleaning without problems, allocate storage space and, in principle, move in space.

The disadvantages of this variety include inconvenience of use for multi-person families. If someone takes a shower, then the rest will not be able to use either the toilet, or the bidet, or the sink.

If the area of ​​the room is small - about 4 square meters, then the density of the plumbing and furniture will be too high. At least in a small space you will need to place a bath or shower, toilet, washing machine and storage space for towels and other things. Generally the combined bathroom can be a real find if the apartment is inhabited by no more than two people, and the area of ​​the room is quite spacious.

The second type of bathroom - separate, consisting of two rooms - a compact toilet and a larger bathroom. Despite the presence of a partition in the form of a full-fledged wall, from a technical point of view, a separate bathroom is one room, since it is united by common pipes, water supply, as well as a drain. This greatly simplifies the repair of the room.

The main advantage of a separate bathroom is the possibility of its simultaneous installation by several people. The disadvantages include an increase in the involved square meters, but at the same time a small area of ​​individual components. Large people are quite uncomfortable using so tiny toilets or bathrooms, and for them, of course, the adjacent bathroom would have looked more comfortable.

There is also a third type of bathroom, called separate bathroom. Its essence is that bathroom and toilet are located in different parts of the home. As a rule, such a layout is typical for large apartments in modern high-rise buildings or for private houses. This also includes cases when several bathrooms are located in one apartment.

When developing a bathroom project, it is important to adhere to one basic rule - plumbing should be located as distant as possible from each other, and enough free space should be left in front and sides of each element for comfortable operation. The combined bathroom, as a rule, includes three main areas: sink, toilet and shower or bathtub. If space allows, they can be fenced off with partitions, but most often zoning uses different textures and shades of the palette.

Creating or choosing a layout depends largely on the location of the sewer riser. The larger the gap between the riser and the plumbing, the more additional pipes will have to be installed, not forgetting to maintain the necessary slope for draining. For example, if the toilet is moved a couple of meters from the riser, then it will have to be put on the podium to ensure proper functioning.

When linear, all plumbing elements and existing furniture are located opposite each other at parallel walls, and with a radial, they are placed around the perimeter.

As for various accessories, for example, holders for towels or toilet paper, they can be located anywhere, but with the rule of outstretched hands. I.e All that is required during the use of the washbasin should be located no further than 70 centimeters from it.

The design of the bathroom in the apartment "Khrushchev", a panel house, a country residence or a multi-storey new building, of course, has its own specificity. In a typical panel dwelling I-155, the area of ​​the bathroom is sometimes equal to only 3.9 square meters. In this case, it is much more reasonable to abandon the voluminous bathtub and replace it with a compact shower cubicle with glass doors.

A washing machine will stand perfectly on the vacant space, and the highlight of the compact room will be mosaic tiles on the walls. In the large-panel house P-111M, the bathroom area is slightly larger - about 4.8 square meters.

Again, abandoning the bathroom in favor of the shower, it will turn out to allocate space even for a double sink and soft ottoman. In the "Stalin" II-03, it is most convenient to use a radial layout and arrange furniture and plumbing around the perimeter of the room. This will not only save square meters, but also simplify the process of its eyeliner. therefore when arranging a bathroom, it is necessary to use all these nuances.

The finished design project should include the existing wiring diagrams, and the sewage system, and the flow of water. It is better to first work out the interior on paper or in a special program, having not only the basic plumbing, but even the smallest accessories. After that, the finished picture begins to be realized.

In small bathrooms it is better to purchase built, suspended or angled models. To save space, it makes sense to buy a washbasin with a shifted siphon, under which the washing machine will be located.

The choice of mirror is determined by the appearance of the existing plumbing - an oval or round model is suitable for rounded structures, and an element with pointed corners will look good next to square elements. Yet again the mirror can be either built-in decoration, or floor, or classic hanging, or just be the facade of the cabinet. This element can be located not only above the washbasin, but also on one of the walls, the inside of the front door or the back surface of an existing niche.

Since it’s rather difficult to show imagination in the bathroom with the help of various furniture, the main role in the design of the space plays properly selected finish. You can approach its installation only when all communications are removed - the cables are hidden in the boxes, and the pipes are filled with a cement and sand screed, on top of which there is a layer of waterproofing. A variety of materials can be selected as floor, wall and ceiling coverings. For example, for wall cladding, ceramic tiles, drywall, PVC or wood paneling can be used.

So that the material does not fail quickly in difficult conditions, it is necessary to carry out its additional protective treatment and not to forget about the ventilation of the room. In principle, the use of waterproof paint, decorative plaster or waterproof wallpaper is not forbidden.

For the design of the ceiling can be used the same materials as for the walls, although much more often the owners are limited to the usual moisture-resistant painting. It will be appropriate and convenient in such a situation the use of suspended ceilings or suspended structures.

Besides, interiors are also found with linoleum, a wooden coating or a waterproof laminate. In the last two cases, experts recommend combining the coating with tiles, which are placed in places of maximum contact with water. In expensive interiors, mosaic, pebbles or artificial stone are found on all types of surfaces.

The materials used must be not only beautiful, but also practical and resistant to moisture. Whether the ceiling will be flat or curly is determined depending on how high the walls are, since suspended structures take a minimum of 5 centimeters.

The used color palette is determined depending on the chosen style and personal preferences of the inhabitants of the apartment. In addition to this, there are several important aspects. For example, as in any other room, the design in bright colors visually expands the space, and the dark color, on the contrary, “steals” the necessary square meters.

Do not forget about the psychological perception of color - as an option, red is considered an aggressive and unnerving color, and such an emotion is not needed at all in the bathroom. The Feng Shui doctrine recommends using pastel shades of blue, green or white to restore strength and cleanse the negative from the bathroom.

However, it all depends on the chosen style, because the black-and-white minimalist bathroom and the classic-style bathroom decorated in beige and gray colors look very stylish. The main thing, in any case, is not to depart from the requirements of the chosen direction.

Lighting is extremely important for the bathroom, because this room is almost always devoid of a natural light source. If you correctly design the lighting system, you can add comfort to the room, make its use more convenient, visually add extra square meters to the space, and also adjust the shape of the room. Looks best in the bathroom a combination of several fixtures located at different levels. The main ones, of course, should be ceiling ones, and additional ones can be mounted on walls or even the floor.

According to the rules, each zone should have its own backlight, represented by one or more lamps. It is important to remember that direct rays should in no case be reflected in mirrors. In a small room, you need to use a lot of bright lights that contribute to visual expansion. Besides, in any room it is not recommended to use fluorescent lamps of a cold spectrum, but it would be nice to mount a light power regulator.

Modern style more and more often even a small apartment is chosen to design a bathroom. It not only gives the room a memorable and spectacular appearance, but also allows you to make the space as functional as possible.

For example, the room is very stylish in hi-tech style. The bath, as a rule, is replaced by a modern shower, and the rest of the plumbing is suspended.All items are purchased simple and with strict geometric lines, but high-tech and multifunctional.

The primary colors are selected blue, black or metal. However, do not use more than two shades. To create a lighting system in a high-tech bathroom, you will need spotlights and rectangular wall sconces.

Minimalist style most often selected for the design of small spaces. Since this direction is distinguished by the absence of any decor and simplicity of designs, all the necessary components will just fit on a small amount of square meters. The decoration recommended the use of glass elements, for example, shelves or walls of the shower. Of the colors, it is better to choose pastel - gray, pale yellow, beige or blue.

To create a bathroom Japanese style you need to use the maximum number of natural elements. For example, the decoration encourages the use of stone, wood or high-quality imitation. The decor can not do without beautiful rounded stones and living plants. Sliding doors, thematic prints and such light shades as white, peach, pink and pale green will look good.

If the owners of the apartment are closer in spirit classic, that is, it makes sense to use pastel shades, simple shapes, wall sconces and unusual decor.

If space allows, then the bathroom can be placed additional non-standard zones decorated in the main style. A comfortable armchair or couch, complemented by a glass small table, is perfectly placed in the resting place. In the storage area, it will be possible to install not only a full-fledged cabinet, but also a nightstand. In addition, a spa zone with a massage chair or a “green” zone with an abundance of living plants can form in the bathroom.

The small area of ​​the combined bathroom is not a reason to deny yourself something or to spend time in an unattractive interior. The primary colors are warm brown, white and a small amount of gray. Since brown is used only for emphasis, the interior is visually light and spacious. Brown tiles decorated the rear wall of the shower and a shelf for small things. White color is used for plumbing, and “marble” light tile is used for wall and floor coverings. The shower cabin is closed with transparent glass doors, which also plays in favor of a visual expansion of space.

The washbasin is selected suspended and has a rectangular shape. Next to it is a hanging toilet with a button mounted in a special design, erected to hide pipes and other communications components. It must be mentioned that this design is mounted in such a way that it occupies only part of the wall, and a large mirror is located above it. In addition, its upper surface is covered with a wooden panel and is used as a shelf.

It looks very cool combined bathroom, decorated in the Scandinavian style. As a wall covering, snow-white boar tile is used, and on the floor lies a light wooden coating. One of the walls, however, is accented and filled with bright patterned tiles of bright, but harmoniously combined shades characteristic of scandi. From the furniture in the room there is a fairly classic white bath. A pair of glass shelves is mounted above it, next to which there is a washing machine.Since a linear layout is chosen for the room, the remaining interior elements are located at the opposite wall.

The rectangular toilet is mounted on the wall. The compact design in white looks almost invisible, merging with the wall. An oval snow-white sink is fixed on a pedestal with a wooden tabletop. Above it, directly on the wall, an ordinary square mirror is mounted. Of the decorative and functional elements in the room is a laundry basket with an accent black cover. Lighting in the room is only ceiling.

A private house allows you to transform an ordinary bathroom almost into a place to relax. The free space allows you to place in the room not only a bathroom, toilet and a pair of sinks, but even a small TV. In addition, the room has a real window, which not only solves the problem with lighting, but also adds an atmosphere of relaxation to the space. The room is decorated in calm gray-brown tones, and the tile is used not only for walls and ceilings, but also for the design of the bathroom and sinks. Lighting is represented by several spotlights running along the perimeter, as well as the main lamp in the middle of the room.

The TV is mounted just opposite the snow-white lamp, which allows you to enjoy good films during its adoption. The toilet is selected in a classic white color, but of an unusual shape, and its cistern and communications are hidden in a specially mounted snow-white box. Both sinks are located on a special countertop in front of a large mirror.

In the space of the same footage, the interior can be made even more elaborate and luxurious. Despite the calm brown range and the use of only wooden brown panels as accents, every square meter of this room attracts attention. The toilet and the adjacent bidet are mounted directly on the wall and have an unusual shape. Behind them in the wall is a niche filled with glass shelves for cosmetics.

The original bath, reminiscent of the appearance of a bowl, is fixed in a beautiful wooden panel of a dark shade. A niche with shelves is re-mounted next to it, and towel holders are located on the sides. A similar wooden panel is the basis for two snow-white sinks, behind which there is a huge mirror. A compact, dark-colored rubbish bin is immediately below them. Lamps are mounted only on the ceiling.

The design project of the bathroom is presented in the video below.